The Mind And Body Problem - 1443 Words

Abstract: It is more reasonable to think that the patient has the usual range of mental states. Behaviours visually express mental states better than knowing if one has a Cartesian soul or the requirement of a normal human brain. Body: It is reasonable to think that the patient has the usual range of mental states because she is behaviourally indistinguishable from a normal human. Behaviours make mental states more evidentially obvious than knowing the brain state of a patient or if they have a Cartesian soul or not. Doctor 4 provides the argument that since the patient is behaviourally indistinguishable from a normal human, she has the usual range of mental states. Gilbert Ryle’s view on the mind and body problem stems from â€Å"Philosophical or logical behaviourism† (Wk. 8-1, Slide 18). This view means that the idea that ascriptions of mental states correlates to â€Å"dispositions of behaviour† (Wk. 8-1, Slide 18). Behaviourists describe that saying, â€Å"I am in pain, does not report an inner state, but rather is part of being in pain† (Wk. 8-1, Slide 23). B.F. Skinner, a psychological behaviourist, also believes that mental states correlate to behaviours. Psychological Behaviourism is defined as, â€Å"studying the mind by studying behaviour† (Wk. 8-1, Slide 26). Skinner’s black box is an experiment to observe â€Å"stimulus/response pairings† (Wk. 8-1, Slide 26). Suppose we were to subject the patient to a number of stimuli in a test enviro nment, and noted down her behaviours. We wouldShow MoreRelatedThe Mind And Body Problem1046 Words   |  5 PagesPatel December 13, 2014 PHILO 1100-091 The Mind and Body Problem The issue of the origins of consciousness has been a problem that has philosophers and scientists alike, puzzled for years. Is it a matter of science? Can it be explained through neurobiological processes or is it just something that simply cannot be reduced to words? Rene Descartes had struggled to explain this problem through his idea of substance dualism. This idea states that the mind and body are of two separate worlds, the physicalRead MoreIs The Mind Body Problem?1219 Words   |  5 Pagesworld around us, all of which have had their own single beliefs. One of their main issues faced in philosophy is the mind-body problem, and philosophers are still trying to solve this predicament to this day. The mind-brain problem is trying better to understand whether a person’s mental processes are the same as their physical processes. As of today, philosophy has broken the problem into two fundamental parts that has been split down into separate subparts. Personally, I find it eas ier to believeRead MoreThe Mind And Body Problem1412 Words   |  6 PagesThe mind and body problem studies the relationship between the mind and the body, particularly the consciousness and the brain. The problem is traced to Descartes, who questioned how the immaterial mind could affect the material body. In his view, the mind is a thinking thing while the body is an extended thing, where the mind and the body are two separate substances, and held that there are two way causal reactions between the two. The problem arises when we question how an immaterial object affectRead MoreThe Mind And Body Problem1844 Words   |  8 PagesWhen considering this question, the essay will discuss what the mind and body problem is and also who brought the mind and body problem to light. This will be done by looking at various philosophers’ beliefs and how the debate of this problem has changed over time, due to psychologists coming to light in the modern world. This essay will also cover three main areas of belief, these being dualism which states the mind and the body (brain) work separately from one another, materialism that states thatRead MorePsychology : Mind Body Problem898 Words   |  4 PagesTopic 1 Mind body problem tries to explain the states of the minds, occurrence of events, and action of processes. For instance, thinking is related to other processes and events of the mind. The fact that the mind is not physical in nature and the body is physical attests to this explanation. Mind body problem relate to some of the scientific concepts in different kind of ways. The relationship between the mind body problem and the concepts of neurophysiology, psychophysics and theory of evolutionRead MoreDualism And The Mind Body Problem Essay1223 Words   |  5 PagesDualism and the Mind-Body Problem The mind is perhaps the most fascinating part of the human body due to its complexity and ability to rationalize. In essence, the mind-body problem studies the relation of the mind to the body, and states that each human being seems to embody two unique and somewhat contradictory natures. Each human contains both a nature of matter and physicality, just like any other object that contains atoms in the universe. However, mankind also is constituted of something beyondRead MoreThe Mind Body Problem Arises Essay1034 Words   |  5 PagesThesis: The mind-body problem arises because of the lack of evidence when looking for a specific explanation of the interaction of mental and physical states, and the origin and even existence of them. Summary: The problem of the soul continues as Descartes suggested that the human is composed of two completely different substances; a physical body which Descartes compares with a machine, and a non-physical mind, related to the soul, that allows humans to think and feel even if it has no â€Å"measurableRead MoreThe Mind-Body Problem Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesThe Mind-Body Problem The mind-body problem, which is still debated even today, raises the question about the relationship between the mind and the body. Theorists, such as Renà © Descartes and Thomas Nagel, have written extensively on the problem but they have many dissenting beliefs. Descartes, a dualist, contends that the mind and body are two different substances that can exist separately. Conversely, Nagel, a dual aspect theorist, contends that the mind and body are not substances but differentRead MoreWhy The Mind Body Problem1200 Words   |  5 Pagesworld, there is a battle going on that most of us are completely unaware of, and it is all comes down to the mind-body problem. The mind-body problem is how the mind and the body interact with each other. The mind is the mental side of things; thoughts, imagination, and most importantly consciousness, whereas the body is the physical side; the make up of your brain neurons and your body. On one side of this argument we have the Materialists, and according to the Oxford Dictionary, materialismRead MoreThe Theory Of The Mind Body Problem1198 Words   |  5 PagesIn the philosophical world there is a constant controversial debate of the mind body problem. This debate focuses on the different interpretations of the brain and its correlation to the consciousness. Philosophical theorists have used several approaches to explain this extremely subjective matter. The idea that the conscious being apart of the body or mental is diverse and theoretically proven to an indirect statement in comparison to the various arguments provided. Thus one may need to take a direct

Argument Context and Logical Form

Question: Indicate the most important features of correct argumentation. Locate the different types of fallacies in arguments and be able to avoid them. Outline arguments using critical thinking and reasoning. List the differences between statements and non-statements to identify the relevant and non-relevant parts of arguments. Demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses in different types of arguments and explain these strengths and weaknesses? Answer: If an argument is inductively strong, then it is deductively valid. False, because then it is deductively not valid. Deductively is valid only when an argument is deductively strong and based on two conditions valid and reasonable. Inductively strong arguments are also cogent arguments. True , because cogent arguments make their conclusion true only when the premises are true. But there is a possibility that conclusion can be false at the time when premises are true An argument is sound only if it is valid. True, it is sound when the arguments premises based on truth and an arguments conclusion follows that premises only. If we cant be faithful to each other, we should not be in a relationship. This is a valid argument. False , because if both the premises and the conclusion is true then only argument is valid. Both the above statements are based on conviction. A cogent argument can have a false conclusion. True , a cogent argument always based on the premises of truth so being a cogent argument is inductive argument, there conclusion is surely not true only has the probability (May. Robert, 1998). If Emma is a philosopher, then she is smart. Therefore, if Emma is not a philosopher, then she is not smart. This argument is valid. False, Smart people knows the rules very well so they can break them easily but it does not proved that only philosophers are the smart people. Smartness based on talent and active participation skills that anyone have. Some women are bad drivers. So, some women are good drivers. This is an invalid argument. True. It is invalid because both are the distinctive statements. This declares as the judgment of anyone. It is an individual perception. One is not dependent on another. If you like ice-cream, you have a sweet tooth. If you have a sweet tooth, you like sugar. So, if you like ice-cream, you like sugar. This argument is valid. True , it is valid because there are some convictions rather than reasons in our life but we all recognize our beliefs ourselves. The world may have the different aspect of thinking. Either modus ponens is a valid form of argument or hypothetical syllogism is a valid form of argument but modus ponens is not a valid form of argument. So, hypothetical syllogism is a valid form of argument. This argument is sound. False, this statement shows no clearance. From both the statements, either of the one can be true. Both seems contradiction to each other. Either I will contract lung cancer or I will not. If I will contract lung cancer, then stopping smoking now is futile. If I will not contract lung cancer, then stopping smoking now is also futile. So, stopping smoking now is futile. This argument is valid. True, it is valid because it gives the clear message that if one statement is true then only the other based on the previous one are enacts or concludes. It is an example of the Modus Ponens. Section 2: Consider the following argument: If Jack goes to the party, he will drink too much. If he drinks too much, he will make a fool of himself. But, I have known Jack for many years; he wont make a fool of himself. So, I can certainly say that Jack wont go to the party. This argument comprises of two valid forms. Name these forms and demonstrate how the argument follows these forms. Argument consists of list of statements known as premises but the same follow by the statement known as conclusion. We only say that the argument is true and valid when connectivity in between all the statements known as premises implies on its conclusion. If all the premises are true then the conclusion is true. The validity of an argument does not give the guarantee of premises that all the statements are true. Therefore, there is no guarantee of truth for the conclusion also. Conclusion would be true when only premises are true. In the above statement all, the above ones are the premises and the last one is the conclusion. If anyone is rational, understand, and agrees with the premises so he/she agree with the conclusion also. Premises of an argument show the evidence to prove for the conclusion. There are both bad and good arguments so arguments needs valid evidence to be proved that they are true (Elugardo. R,2001). Premises and the conclusion may be true or false because they a re known as the declarative statement. In the above arguments reasoning is valid that is base on the premises those seems true. In a valid argument, what all need is that the prepositions in the sentences called premises taken as the evidence to proof the conclusion that is also true. Consider the following two arguments. 1.a) All politicians are liars. No trustworthy people are liars. Therefore, no politicians are trustworthy. The above diagram shows that if the basic diagram of the premises get combine then it gives the venn diagram of the conclusion. All three above can place on the top of the three overlapping circles. The diagram of the last statement is already present in the venn diagram. If it is so then the argument is valid whereas if it not so then the argument is not valid. It is clear that the diagram of the last statement derives from the above two. So it proves that both the above premises are involved in giving the conclusion (Stanley. J, 2000). The above one is valid. 1. b) No religious person preaches violence. All preachers of violence are terrorists. So, no religious persons are terrorists. Distinguish between the two arguments above by evaluating whether each one is valid. It shows that conclusion is not true when the premises are not true. So the statement is invalid. Section 3: Domestic helpers (maids) should not be allowed to use the swimming pools in the condominiums they live/work. It would not be appropriate at all to support the above-cited statement, as even domestic helpers are human beings who should not be deprive of their basic rights and can use recreational facilities like swimming pool, gym or playgrounds. Its really very shameful when educated and so called modern people considered domestic helpers as lower class and refrain them from using swimming pool and in some cases lifts also just because of fear of being over-utilized or over-crowded. This conservative attitude reminds us something. It is not racism where people discriminated among whites and blacks. However, in this case the discrimination done solely because of class and status. It is simple to understand when the same thing is applicable on you at your work place. Imagine your seniors announced the people of middle and lower management to use cargo lifts instead of general lifts unless they accompanied by their senior officials or restrict the lower order to use break rooms in lunch hours or time off. How would you feel at that time? Therefore, it is high time to change your outlook and treat our domestic helpers as human beings who too deserve a recreational change after the full day of honest work. It is really disgraceful and unacceptable but it does not understand that why our condominiums accepting this principle that is very unfair with the house cleaners. They should also have the right to live with respect dignity. Let assume that these are the people who take care of the kids of the people helps in the upbringing when the parent of this high society are busy in earning their money but in the end they are those who discriminate with the such class of people (Anderson. B ,2010). Necessary actions needs to be taken by the government and brings the change in the society only by opening the minds of the people those consists our society. Domestic helpers given lots of responsibilities by their employers like to care of their kids, household work etc so it is the duty of their employer to take care of them by fulfilling their personal needs too. It is very shameful that if the people who does not try to understand the problems of the maid are one of their employers only. Government should take necessary actions in favor of the domestic helps. References: Anderson. B ,2010. Mobilizing migrants, making citizens: migrant domestic workers as political agents. Ethnic and Racial Studies. vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 6074. DOI: 10.1080/01419870903023660. Elugardo. R,2001. "Logical Form and the Vernacular".Mind and Language16(4). May. Robert, 1998.Logical form: its structure and derivation. Cambridge. Mass: MIT Press. Stanley. J, 2000. "Context and Logical Form".Linguistics and Philosophy.23(4)